X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) measurement and analysis

X-ray is an electromagnetic radiation with high energy. It interacts with the electrons of atoms and scatters, thus location of atoms can be determined. Material characteristics which depends on location of atoms can be determined by diffraction methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) can be used to determine e.g. crystal phases of unknown samples, residual elastic stress of metals, degree of crystallinity of amorphous metals, single crystal orientation. XRD is noninvasive, thus the measured probe can be used anytime after the measurement.